Abstract 182 – Integrating multiple tools to understand landscape connectivity, address threats, and support long-term conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador

Rebecca Zug, Santiago Molina, José León

Habitat loss and fragmentation are the primary threats to Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus)
in Ecuador. A significant portion of the population occurs outside of protected areas on private
lands. When landowners are tolerant of bears, threats are minimized, and native habitat is
present, these lands can serve as corridors between protected areas, connecting fragmented
landscapes and maintaining ecosystem services. Our project uses a multifaceted approach to
understand and improve the connectivity of Andean bear habitat on private lands in the buffer
zones of Antisana Ecological Reserve and Cayambe-Coca National Park, 50 km northeast of
Quito. Since 2020 we have identified > 20 individuals, both resident and transient, at sites
where we also found domestic dogs, livestock, and people. Camera trap data confirmed that
bears cross roads and move seasonally outside of the study area. In 2023-24, we began
capturing bears and using GPS collars to understand habitat use and movement patterns. These
data will be used to focus conservation and outreach efforts toward the priority areas and the
protection of corridors. Preliminary results have identified an important feeding zone located
along a major highway, between agricultural lands and communities. Traditional cowboys have
large herds of cattle in this zone, making bear-livestock conflict another important threat. In
2022-23, we installed electric fencing in two communities as a first step toward improving
livestock husbandry and preventing conflicts. Proximity to Quito and the frequency of bear
sightings also make this area a tourist destination. When visitors bring dogs, hike off trails, leave
trash, or approach wildlife, tourism can have negative impacts. In 2023 we began promoting
responsible tourism through education and outreach and the development of a Best Practices
Manual for Andean bear and wildlife viewing. This multi-scale approach addresses a variety of
threats and supports long-term bear conservation.